The Republican Party's Growing Lawlessness

 Popular Economics Weekly

Many Republicans continue to maintain the innocence of former President Donald Trump after his conviction on 34 counts of tax fraud by a New York jury. It confirms what I have written about over more than a decade, the growing lawlessness of one of our political parties.

I wrote about it last in a 2017 Huffington Post article when Donald Trump was first elected President, and his past continues to haunt him.

JONATHAN ERNST / REUTERS

We knew as far back as Nixon’s Watergate that the Republican party harbors a lawless tendency when it suits them. Why else would President Reagan engineer the illicit Iran contra arms deal with Khomeini, or, President GW Bush invade Iraq when UN inspectors already knew Saddam Hussein had destroyed his weapons of mass destruction a decade earlier?

The lawlessness of Republicans’ hunger for power has now reached such a point that they have selected and continue to support a president who has lied and cheated his whole adult life; from Trump Casinos to Trump Towers, from stiffing bankers and his workers to cooking the books. This has been documented in many of the 3,500 plus lawsuits Trump has been involved in, and the reason he settled the Trump University lawsuits, one of which alleged he ran a fraudulent enterprise under RICO, the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act.

The sins of Hillary or Bill pale, yet Republicans impeached Bill for lying about a sexual encounter and continue to hound Hillary over lost emails. So why aren’t they impeaching Donald Trump who hasn’t divested himself of his assets to avoid conflicts of interest and continues to profit and even solicit favors from foreign governments in direct violation of the constitution?

His current 34 percent Gallup popularity rating is testimony that his support is now only restricted to those that would support him, even if, ““I could stand in the middle of Fifth Avenue and shoot somebody, and I wouldn’t lose any voters,” said at a January 2016 Iowa campaign rally.And now we have President Trump condoning the lawlessness of his neo-nazi and white nationalist supporters holding a torchlight parade in Charlottesville, Virginia, Jefferson’s hometown.

CNN commentator David Gergen, advisor to four presidents, chastised Trump yesterday in commenting on the Charlottesville riot and death of a counter-demonstrator. “He said he wants to bring love, not hatred to the country,” Gergen said. “Good. We need to deal with hatred, but he needs to deal with the hatred in his own heart if he wants to bring more love to the country.”

When will the Republican party stand up to such blatant lawlessness? Only when they can deal with the lawlessness in their own hearts. In selecting an autocrat to further their agenda, they are in effect saying freedom means anarchy, rather than living within a democracy of laws based on the world’s first constitution that guarantees equal rights for all of its citizens.

Which is why I now say, Trump’s conviction is an opportunity for the Republican Party to recognize the lawlessness that is in the hearts of Trump’s supporters who have reviled and even threatened trial Judge Juan Merchan’s family—it is a losing proposition.

Harlan Green © 2024

Follow Harlan Green on Twitter: https://twitter.com/HarlanGreen

Where's the Recession?

 Financial FAQs

The most recent Harris-Guardian poll found 56 percent of those surveyed thought the US was in a recession. And 49 percent believed unemployment was at a 50-year high.

How is that possible when the economic facts are exactly the opposite? Unemployment is at a 50-year low, and there hasn’t been a recession since the short-lived 2-month COVID-19 recession in March-April 2020.

The Harris poll said:

· 55% believe the economy is shrinking, and 56% think the US is experiencing a recession, though the broadest measure of the economy, gross domestic product (GDP), has been growing.

· 49% believe the S&P 500 stock market index is down for the year, though the index went up about 24% in 2023 and is up more than 12% this year.

· 49% believe that unemployment is at a 50-year high, though the unemployment rate has been under 4%, a near 50-year low.

"What Americans are saying in this data is: ‘Economists may say things are getting better, but we're not feeling it where I live,'” said John Gerzema, CEO of the Harris Poll. “Unwinding four years of uncertainty takes time. Leaders have to understand this and bring the public along.”

There may be a lot of confusion over what exactly defines a recession, but I believe there’s a better explanation for the pervading pessimism among those surveyed. Many polls have found that most Americans do in fact feel good about their own financial circumstances, but not so good about where the US economy is heading.

Then what must those surveyed compare today’s economy to, since public news reports document that the US has recovered the quickest from the pandemic with the fastest growing economy among developed countries in the world?

FREDcpi

Maybe they remember the pre-pandemic economy of the prior decade when both the unemployment and inflation rates (see cpi graph) were at or below 3 percent. It was a goldilocks time, while choosing to forget the severe trauma from two years of lockdowns that began in 2020 with images of refrigerator trucks lined up in the larger cities to hold many of the one million dead that mortuaries couldn’t hold.

Such a collective amnesia has happened before, more than 100 years ago during the Spanish flu pandemic. The Roaring Twenties excess that followed may have helped to erase those horrific memories when more than 675,000 died, say historians.

A Smithsonian Magazine article highlights some of the Roaring Twenties’ history of the 1920s that could confirm my thesis.

The Smithsonian article mentions Harper’s editor Frederick Lewis Allen’s 1931 account of the previous decade, Only Yesterday. Allen labels the Twenties as the “post-war decade” (of World War One) and mentions the pandemic a grand total of once.

“My guess is it did not sit with the story that Americans tell about themselves in public. It’s not the story that they want to put in fifth-grade U.S. history textbooks, which is about us being born perfect and always getting better,” says Bristow, who wrote American Pandemic: The Lost Worlds of the 1918 Influenza Epidemic.

“Americans believed themselves “on the verge of putting infections disease to rest forever,” she explains, and instead, “We couldn’t do anything more about it than anybody else.” Indeed, President Woodrow Wilson, who held the office throughout the multi-year pandemic, never once mentioned it in his public comments,” said Allen.

The Smithsonian also cites Yale sociologist and physician Nicholas Christakis who hypothesizes that the 1918 pandemic falls into an ages-old pandemic pattern, one that our Covid-19 present may mimic, too.

In his 2020 book, Apollo’s Arrow: The Profound and Enduring Impact of Coronavirus on the Way We Live, he argues that increasing religiosity, risk aversion and financial saving characterize times of widespread illness. Christakis expects the Covid-19 crisis to have a long tail, in terms of case numbers and social and economic impacts.

“People are going to want to make sense of what happened,” he says, positing that “we’ll likely see an efflorescence of the arts” post-pandemic. That’s not to say our A.C. (After Covid-19) reality will be all rosy. “We’ll be living in a changed world.”

A majority of Americans polled also believe Republicans are better stewards of their wealth. Yet the COVID-19 pandemic occurred during the Trump administration, and its one million death toll might have been lower if Trump hadn’t denigrated scientists and encouraged anti-mask and anti-vaccine doubts among his followers.

Certainly many Republicans might then want to dwell on the years just before the pandemic and erase their memories of the ineptness of the Trump administration when their President suggested injecting chlorine into their veins as a cure.

My thesis is up for discussion as are all theses, of course. I welcome comments on what is still a puzzle to most economists. How can opinions differ so much from public facts? Maybe lasting memories of a more peaceful decade still dominate over our vastly changed, post-pandemic world?

Harlan Green © 2024

Harlan Green on Twitter: https://twitter.com/HarlanGreen

Whose Inflation Is Too High?

 The Mortgage Corner

Declining inflation has stalled in the first quarter, which is hurting prospects for any Fed rate cuts, and causing consumers to buy less. The inflation rate is currently stuck in the 3 percent range, though much lower for goods earlier in the supply chain, so large retailers like Walmart and Target are having to cut prices.

Monthly retail sales didn’t increase at all in May, after two consecutive months of 0.8 percent growth and almost 3 percent annual growth.

Walmart said on May 16 that it has rolled back prices on nearly 7,000 items in its stores, reports CNN, noting deflationary trends in general merchandise.

“Our combination of everyday low prices plus a large number of rollbacks is resonating” with consumers, Walmart CEO Doug McMillon said on a call with analysts.

CNN also reported that Target slashed prices on more than 1,500 items, ranging from laundry detergent to cat food to sunscreen, with thousands more price cuts expected over the summer.

It’s a sign that’s made Federal Reserve Governors more hopeful inflation will continue to decline, and prices even begin to fall, rather than continue to rise more slowly.

Federal Reserve officials at their last policy meeting indicated they still had faith price pressures would ease, if only slowly, according to the minutes of the central bank’s April 30-May 1 session.

"Participants ... noted that they continued to expect that inflation would return to 2% over the medium term," the minutes said, but "the disinflation would likely take longer than previously thought."

AtlantaFed

Inflation trends seem to be in the eye of the beholder. Businesses are now seeing much lower inflation, according to recent surveys. Year-ahead inflation expectations had fallen to 2.3 percent in May 2024 from as high as 3.8 percent in March 2022 for businesses, according to the Atlanta Federal Reserve.

Whereas the Federal Reserve Bank of New York’s Center for Microeconomic Data today released the April 2024 Survey of Consumer Expectations, which went in the opposite direction.

It shows that inflation expectations increased at the short-term and longer-term horizons, while decreasing at the medium-term horizon: to 3.3% from 3.0% at the one-year horizon (remaining below its 12-month trailing average of 3.5%).

The main culprit seems to be housing prices. “Median home price growth expectations increased to 3.3% after remaining unchanged at 3.0% for seven consecutive months. This is the highest reading of the series since July 2022,” said the NY Fed.

Year-ahead consumer commodity price expectations also rose across the board in April for gas, food, medical care, and college education.

Why aren’t consumers seeing the lower inflation expectations of businesses? Target and Walmart are telling us why. Simply put, retail prices are much higher than the raw cost of goods and services charged to businesses for several reasons. There’s the transportation and distribution costs, for starters, and profit margin that retailers must retain to stay in business.

The truth is that consumers are seeing higher costs than businesses and are beginning to rebel by choosing cheaper products. It also refutes an economic maxim about consumer behavior that higher inflation expectations will cause consumers to spend more, not less.

There is some good news for consumers. New-home prices are falling as the supply of new homes has increased.

Sales of newly built, single-family homes in April fell 4.7% to a 634,000 seasonally adjusted annual rate from a downwardly revised reading in March, according to newly released data from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and the U.S. Census Bureau. The pace of new home sales in April is down 7.7% from a year earlier.

The median new home sale price in April was $433,500, down 1.4% from March, and up 3.9% compared to a year ago. This is because of the increased supply. There’s a 9.1-month supply of new homes for sale.

Dear US Fed Governors, please pay attention to this. Shoppers can act rationally when their pocketbook size is at risk!

Harlan Green © 2024

Follow Harlan Green on Twitter: https://twitter.com/HarlanGreen

Q2 Economic Growth Any Better?

 The Mortgage Corner

The initial estimate of first quarter 2024 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth was less than expected (1.6%), causing financial markets to panic, even though economic growth is better than the initial estimate is reporting, I said last week.

What did Wall Street expect with the current domestic unrest and geopolitical uncertainty? Consumers are shopping less, and as conflicted as economic forecasters in predicting what will happen next.

The Conference Board’s just released Index of Leading Indicators (LEI) for April that attempts to predict future growth, was also conflicted.

“Another decline in the U.S. LEI confirms that softer economic conditions lay ahead,” said Justyna Zabinska-La Monica, Senior Manager, Business Cycle Indicators, at The Conference Board. “Deterioration in consumers’ outlook on business conditions, weaker new orders, a negative yield spread, and a drop in new building permits fueled April’s decline.”

ConferenceBoard

Key figures are the interest rate spread and decline in building permits for private housing, because short-term interest rates are still too high in relation to longer-term rates. The Fed isn’t cutting their Fed Funds overnight rate yet, which has in turn has boosted the Prime Rate charged by most lenders to 8.5 percent and 30-year fixed mortgage rate above 7%.

But at the same time the LEI said in the six-month period between October 2023 and April 2024, the LEI contracted by -1.9 percent—a smaller decrease than its -3.5 percent decline over the previous six months, hence the blue line in its graph showed improvement while GDP black line in graph declined slightly from last year’s +3 percent growth rate.

Even consumers are becoming discouraged in the latest consumer surveys and have curbed their spending ways with retail sales unchanged last month. Sales are not adjusted for inflation, so sales couldn’t keep up with inflation.

Whereas, Q2 GDP growth estimates have been as high as 4 percent.

The Atlanta Federal Reserve’s GDPNow model estimate for real GDP growth (seasonally adjusted annual rate) in the second quarter of 2024 was reduced to 3.6 percent on May 16, down from 3.8 percent on May 15. It was briefly above 4 percent.

That is still above Blue-Chip economists’ estimates that have hovered between 1 to 3 percent.

AtlantaFed

Why does it make a difference? Higher growth is needed because the US and most of the EU countries are now gearing up for war as well as peace. NATO is getting involved by announcing they might send their soldiers to train Ukrainians on the front lines to stem the Russian advance, while China is allying more closely with Russia.

Housing is predicted to make a comeback despite high building costs and mortgage rates, per NAR Chief Economist Lawrence Yun in his latest update. He forecasts that interest rates will fall in the long term, 2024 existing-home sales will rise to 4.46 million (up 9% from 4.09 million in 2023) and 2025 existing-home sales will increase to 5.05 million (up 13.2% from 2024)

Yun also said that rents will calm down further, which will hold down the consumer price index (CPI) and encourage the Federal Reserve cut interest rates. He said that based on April's employment data, there are six million more jobs compared to the pre-Covid highs, and jobs are boosting home prices.

"More jobs mean more home sales and higher housing demand," said Yun. "You need a strong local economy for a strong housing market."

So Realtors are also seeing an upsurge in activity that should boost economic growth in 2024.

Harlan Green © 2024

Follow Harlan Green on Twitter: https://twitter.com/HarlanGreen

Retail Sales Decline Worrying

Financial FAQs

The bad news might be good news, though it presages further grief for some consumers. Retail sales didn’t increase at all in April, and the Consumers Price Index showed lower inflation, with its annual rate dropping to 3.4 percent from 3.5 percent.

The bad news-good news had financial markets rallying, since lower retail sales and CPI inflation were a sign of slowing growth that have traders now betting on at least two Fed rate cuts this year, instead of maybe no rate cuts if inflation doesn’t continue to edge closer to the Fed’s 2 percent target rate.

Retail sales jumped 3.1% at gas stations, which offset weakness in several sectors. Sales at furniture stores fell 0.5%, car sales fell 0.8% and internet sales were down 1.2%., said MarketWatch.

Why are shoppers not shopping as much after two months of great gains, per the St. Louis Fed’s (FRED) graph?

FREDretailsales

Consumer sentiment has soured, for starters. And this should be a signal to Fed officials that credit has become too restrictive. Borrowing costs have skyrocketed, especially with middle and low-income shoppers that must borrow with the Prime Rate still 8.5 percent that controls credit card and installment debt.

The University of Michigan’s April sentiment survey reported “While consumers had been reserving judgment for the past few months, they now perceive negative developments on a number of dimensions. They expressed worries that inflation, unemployment and interest rates may all be moving in an unfavorable direction in the year ahead.”

Their pessimism was confirmed by the Federal Reserve in its monthly survey of consumer credit. Total consumer credit had risen more slowly in March; at a 1.5% annual rate, down from a 3.6% rate in the prior month. Consumers borrowed a total $6.3 billion in credit card and installment debt in March, following a $15 billion gain in February.

What are consumers sensing? A recent NBER Working Paper 32006 that studied European consumers found that “individuals’ fears of becoming unemployed, as tracked in household surveys, rose in the months before both the Great Recession and the COVID-19 recession.”

Why wouldn’t that be the case with American consumers? Then add a mounting unease from wars and a warming climate, not to speak of the upcoming US Presidential election.

Fed Chair Powell is doing his best to talk down the fears of a ‘sticky’ inflation rate that might keep Fed officials from giving borrowers some relief by cutting rates sooner.

Powell’s latest remarks, delivered in Amsterdam at a Foreign Bankers conference, indicated he expected inflation to cool to the level of the low monthly inflation points seen late last year, said MarketWatch. “However, I would say my confidence [in that forecast] is not as high as it was, having seen the readings in the first three months of the year,” said Powell.

In fact, there are other signs of a slowdown that consumers will find hard to miss. Weekly initial jobless claims have risen of late, jumping from 209,000 in April to 231,000 in the first week of May. It was hovering between 210,000 to 220,000 last fall.

And both Institute for Supply Management Indexes (ISM) that measure overall business activity have fallen of late. The ISM’s service sector contracted below 50 percent for the first time since December 2022, and its index that measures the manufacturing sector activity has been positive just one month over the past 17 months.

So, we mustn’t blame consumers’ growing pessimism, who have held on and been the backbone of the post-pandemic recovery, for saying enough is enough and it’s time for the Fed to release its chokehold on the economy, or else.

So much depends on their confidence in a better future.

Harlan Green © 2024

Harlan Green on Twitter: https://twitter.com/HarlanGreen 

Why the Inflation Confusion?

 Popular Economics Weekly

Most pundits (and propagandists) don’t know who to blame for ‘sticky’ inflation, so they blame those who haven’t caused it—such as the current administration or the Federal Reserve.

But the sudden rise in prices was caused by supply shortages and empty shelves from the COVID pandemic and lockdowns that followed. And this happened in all countries. Now add to this several wars that have disrupted more supply chains, including a developing cold war with China, and global warming which is causing massive droughts and floods that have disrupted food supplies and displaced whole populations.

Leading economists, such as Nobelist Paul Krugman, have said the Fed with its policy tools can’t bring down prices in most sectors, just slow the rise in prices, which it has done so that inflation is now rising much more slowly.

It would take another full-blown recession and the loss of millions of jobs to cause prices to return to pre-pandemic levels, as has happened in every other recession portrayed in the FRED graph from 2000 (gray bars are recessions).

FREDcpi

It happened during the brief pandemic recession, for instance, when retail CPI inflation fell to zero percent in May 2020 and everyone out of work before rising to 9% in June 2022, and the earlier Great Recession when retail price inflation fell to a negative -2% in 2009, with the loss of more than 8 million jobs.

The worldwide pandemic lockdowns and supply chain stoppages were the most obvious cause of the supply shortages that brought on inflation rise to 9% in 2022, and steady decline of inflation since then as supply chains opened again to bring it down to the present seasonally adjusted 3.5% inflation rate.

It’s not easy for discontented consumers to blame the worst pandemic in 100 years for the sticky inflation figures because the COVID pandemic was such an unusual event that the trauma of one million US deaths has been quickly forgotten.

And it’s just as difficult to for consumers to imagine how the Middle East and Ukraine wars can disrupt oil and food supplies, as well as that due to global warming.

What is the best answer to this dilemma of higher prices and looming supply shortages? Faster economic growth, which the Biden administration with some bipartisan assist is doing with its New, New Deal Bidenomic policies that have employed millions.

The CHIPS Act is bringing back manufacturing jobs, the Inflation Reduction Act is countering global warming by funding alternative energy sources to fossil fuels, the Infrastructure and Jobs Act is spending $1 trillion to fix our infrastructure and projected to create more than 2 million jobs over the next decade.

But it requires consumers to think of its future benefits to know that we are in a better place, and can positively answer the question, are we better off today than four years ago?

Harlan Green © 2024

Follow Harlan Green on Twitter: https://twitter.com/HarlanGreen

Less Need to Worry in 2024?

 Financial FAQs

It’s time to catch our breath. Wars and protests can unsettle economies, but much of the economic uncertainty is for more mundane reasons.

The last few weeks have unsettled the financial markets, to say the least. The DOW and S&P are at record heights, but so are mortgage rates.

The initial Q1 2024 GDP growth estimate had shrunk to 1.6 percent vs. 3.6 percent in Q4 2023. Inflation has also been spiking in Q1, which has rattled the Fed so much that Fed Chair Powell had to reassure markets the Fed is done with raising interest rates but is taking a wait-and-see approach on when to cut those rates.

Inflation surprised to the upside in the first quarter, with the core personal consumption expenditures price index going up at a 3.7% annual rate after two straight quarters at a 2% rate of increase.

As if to highlight said uncertainties, the Atlanta Fed’s GDPNow forecast project is now showing a huge jump in Q2 GDP to 4.2 percent! How can that be when most economists are predicting no more than 2 percent Q2 growth?

Part of the answer is conflicting signals in the first quarter. Growth slowed because companies didn’t restock their shelves after a gangbuster holiday season for shoppers, even though consumers continued shopping in the New Year.

And businesses typically raise prices at the same time as most employees get their annual pay raises in January. The result was that soaring labor costs got ahead of things being produced, hurting labor productivity and further depressing those optimists that hoped inflation would continue to decline.

So Q2 is shaping up as catch up time. More things will be produced to increase supplies and help restock shelves, which will boost economic growth. That’s why economists are predicting better Q2 growth.

AtlantaFed

For starters, the Atlanta Fed’s GDPNow model estimate for real GDP growth I like to report (seasonally adjusted annual rate) in the second quarter of 2024 is 4.2 percent on May 8, up from 3.3 percent on May 2. Both consumer spending and real personal consumptions expenditures are growing; real personal consumption expenditures growth (consumer spending) is up from 3.1 to 3.9 percent and second-quarter real gross private domestic investment growth (capital expenditures) from 4.1 percent to 6.8 percent.

This is while the annual inflation indicators used by economists are at or close to 2 percent for both wholesale and retail goods and services. Inflation will probably remain slightly above 2 percent annually this year because consumers’ incomes have been rising faster than the production cost of things.

Quarterly labor productivity has been surging, despite poor first quarter results. Nonfarm business sector labor productivity increased 3.2 percent in the fourth quarter of 2023 I said last week, as output increased 3.5 percent and hours worked increased just 0.3 percent.

It’s not clear to economists if such a productivity surge has to do with happier workers receiving better salaries and benefits; or the increasing use of technologies such as AI because of worker shortages across many industries.

It’s probably a combination of the two. The contrast between Q1 and Q2 growth is going to be huge—Q1 will probably be upgraded in the 2^nd and 3^rd estimations with more information, as well.

That’s why markets should settle down, even with several wars and maybe protests continuing into the summer of a presidential election year.

Harlan Green © 2024

Harlan Green on Twitter: https://twitter.com/HarlanGreen

What Should Fed Do--Part II?

 Popular Economics Weekly

Friday’s ‘official’ April US unemployment report was even more surprising than Fed Chairman Powell’s dovish remarks after the Fed’s May FOMC meeting, as if Powell might have known that April’s unemployment report would be weaker.

It was, with the unemployment rate rising to 3.9 percent from 3.8 percent and just 175,000 nonfarm payrolls jobs added, vs. last month’s 315,000 jobs added after slight revisions.

"I think it is unlikely that the next rate move would be a hike,” said Powell at the time. “The Committee judges that the risks to achieving its employment and inflation goals have moved toward better balance over the past year.”

FREDunemployment

And the US economy is moving towards the Fed’s desired goal of slightly higher unemployment and slower wage growth, which economists are saying is the ‘goldilocks’ condition similar to what it was in the last decade—not too hot (inflation) nor too cold (employment).

Average hourly earnings rose just 0.2% from the previous month and 3.9% from a year ago, both below consensus estimates and an encouraging sign of lower inflation.

The jobless rate tied for the highest level since January 2022. A more encompassing rate that includes discouraged workers and those holding part-time jobs for economic reasons also edged up, to 7.4%, its highest level since November 2021.

Health care led job creation, with a 56,000 increase. Other sectors showing significant rises included social assistance (31,000), transportation and warehousing (22,000), and retail (20,000). Construction added 9,000 positions while government, which had shown good gains in recent months, was up just 8,000 after averaging 55,000 over the previous 12 months.

Revisions to previous months took the March gain to 315,000, or 12,000 from the initial estimate, and February to 236,000, a decline of 34,000.

Do Powell’s remarks and the weaker jobs report are causing some economists to predict the Fed could once again begin to cut interest rates in June or July, with at least one more rate cut later this year.

Another sign of weakening inflation was the just released ISM service sector index that measures non-manufacturing jobs in areas such as healthcare, construction and transportation. The Institute for Supply Management said on Tuesday that its service-sector PMI dropped sharply to 49.4% in April from 51.4% in the prior month.

“In April, the Services PMI^® registered 49.4 percent, 2 percentage points lower than March’s reading of 51.4 percent,” said Anthony Nieves, Chair of the Institute for Supply Management. ‘The composite index indicated contraction in April after 15 consecutive months of growth since a reading of 49 percent in December 2022, the first contraction since May 2020 (45.4 percent). The Business Activity Index registered 50.9 percent in April, which is 6.5 percentage points lower than the 57.4 percent recorded in March.”

The service sector has been powering most economic growth since the end of the COVID pandemic, so it will also affect the Fed’s decision on when to begin to lower interest rates.

This is big news in an economy still at full employment, as I have said. The herd behavior (follow the leader mentality) typical of market movements means investors will take time to register what Powell and the Fed Governors are now hinting.

Economist Claudia Sahm, who I’ve mentioned before, is looking more like a truth-teller than ever. Her “Sahm rule” that if the unemployment rate rises +0.5 percent over the last three-month average, a recession is looming, has risen from its most recent low of 3.7 percent in January 2024 to 3.9 percent in April.

So who is right? We will now see if the more hawkish Fed Governors that had been hinting there may be no rate reductions this year will begin change their tune in upcoming speeches.

Harlan Green © 2024

Follow Harlan Green on Twitter: https://twitter.com/HarlanGreen

What Should the Fed Do?

 Popular Economics Weekly

The big surprise at Federal Reserve Chairman Powell’s latest press conference was despite strong job numbers and inflation still above the Fed’s 2 percent target rate, the Fed governors are acting more dovish.

Why? They don’t want a repeat of the 1970’s stagflationary era, when economic growth slowed but inflation remained high.

The just released minutes of its last FOMC meeting highlighted the Fed Governors’ worries. And Powell at the press conference said, "I think it is unlikely that the next rate move would be a hike…the Committee judges that the risks to achieving its employment and inflation goals have moved toward better balance over the past year.”

Powell also said, as quoted on MarketWatch, “I was around for stagflation, and it was 10% unemployment, it was high-single-digit inflation,” he said. “Right now we have 3% growth, which is pretty solid growth, I would, say by any measure, and we have inflation running under 3%.”

“So I don’t see the ‘stag’ or the ‘flation,’ ” he said.

That’s all true. Last year’s GDP growth rate averaged 3 percent and the annual inflation rate with its preferred PCE index had declined to 2.5 percent.

Calculated Risk

This is big news in an economy still at full employment. The latest JOLTS report showed more than 8 million job openings in April, basically unchanged, according to the latest Bureau of Labor Statistics report. (Black line in graph shows job vacancies.) Whereas the Federal Reserve and financial markets have been hoping for weaker job numbers as insurance that inflation would continue to decline.

“Over the month, the number of hires changed little at 5.5 million while the number of total separations decreased to 5.2 million,” said the BLS.

That means there were 300,000 more hires than total separations, which could mean Friday’s official April unemployment report would be basically unchanged from last month’s 303,000 nonfarm payrolls increase.

The monthly inflation figures have ticked up slightly of late but remain in the 2-3 percent range annually. It has upset some markets (e.g., bond funds are currently losing money.)

Why hope for slower growth, anyway? Isn’t Wall Street supposed to react to corporate earnings? Some 80 percent of businesses reported higher earnings in the first quarter, even though the initial first quarter GDP growth estimate was just 1.6 percent, down from last quarter’s 3.6 percent.

It’s the dilemma that our Federal Reserve has put the markets in. The Fed refuses to concede that there is a soft landing, which means interest rates will remain at record heights for the present, as high as they were in 2008 that caused the Great Recession.

But the Great Recession was also caused by slack or no market oversight by a Republican administration that allowed A+ ratings on junk bond and mortgage securities that ultimately busted the housing bubble.

Powell also cautioned that the economic outlook is uncertain, and the Committee remains highly attentive to inflation risks.

It was a remarkable press conference designed to assure Americans that the Federal Reserve wasn’t going to be the spoiler of this post-pandemic recovery in an election year.

Harlan Green © 2024

Follow Harlan Green on Twitter: https://twitter.com/HarlanGreen