The Rebuilding of Local Communities!
Where does the rebuilding of local communities that creates a sense of
healthy community itself really happen? At the local level, whether it be in
neighborhoods, towns, or cities. It is everywhere residents find a reason to
band together.
And it is an answer to the fragmentation of local communities caused by the
loss of so many blue collar jobs due to the Digital Revolution and Globalization
of the workforce that has internationalized commerce so that corporations ignore
national borders in their search for cheaper labor and new markets.
This has meant that towns, cities and states have had to look inward to heal
their broken communities in order to provide citizens with the necessary means
to grow and prosper.
Two Visions of Community
Harvard Sociologist Robert Putnam in an American
Prospect sequel article to Bowling Alone wondered what made a viable
community: “Some seemingly obvious answers turned out to be irrelevant. Party
politics or ideology makes little difference. Affluence and prosperity have no
direct effect. Social stability or political harmony or population movements are
not the key. None of these factors is correlated with good government as we had
anticipated. Instead, the best predictor is one that Alexis de Tocqueville might
have expected. Strong traditions of civic engagement – voter turnout, newspaper
readership, membership in choral societies and literary circles, Lions Clubs,
and soccer clubs – are the hallmarks of a successful region.”
My hometown of Redwood City had much to do with why I chose community
development as a focus and discipline, as a way to bring people of different
backgrounds and concerns together, because it had many of those
ingredients—strong civic groups such as an active Rotary club that gave out
thousands of scholarship dollars every year to college students and a historical
society that gave 150 year-old Redwood City a strong sense of identity. It was
also a small-town where we could easily interact with each other in
neighborhoods such as mine that had many immigrants.
I learned the basic tools of community development later from my Peace Corps
training, which were first put into practice in a medium-size Turkish village of
approximately 800, and then as a member of Cesar Chavez’s United Farmworkers
Union that came to represent tens of thousands of farm workers during its heyday in the 1970s.
Foreign cultures were something I was familiar with because of the ethnic
diversity of my own childhood neighborhood and background. I felt comfortable in
different cultures because of the friendliness and hospitality shown by these
communities of farmers and farm workers, and my belief that we had a common
humanity.
Redwood City is a San Francisco peninsula suburb full of history and
diversity that was ahead of its time, in many ways. It is best known for the
motto, “Climate Best by Government Test” on a sign that arches over El Camino
Real, its major highway at that time. The sign was erected because the National
Weather Service once had a Redwood City office, and christened its climate the
best in the Bay Area and an ideal place to live. El Camino Real is Spanish for
the King’s Highway originally built by Spanish explorers that first came to
California in the 1700s. It connected California’s 21 missions built from 1769
to 1833 by Spain’s Catholic missionaries—more compelling history that gave
Redwood City and the coastal region of California its unique identity.
It was this unifying identity that helped to make Redwood City a functioning
community and the seat for San Mateo County, as well. I found keeping a
historical record is one necessary ingredient that creates a common identity of
a well-functioning community. Redwood City was founded in 1867, the oldest city
on the San Francisco peninsula, because it had the only deep water port on San
Francisco Bay south of San Francisco.
It was also a lumber town because the coastal mountains looming behind it
were full of mature, first-growth Redwood trees that were brought down to its
deep-water harbor and shipped to San Francisco and beyond.
Living in such a close-knit community as an eleven-year-old meant I could
sell the San Francisco Call-Bulletin with its Sporting Green in the downtown
bars on Main Street after school and make good tips as the Happy Hours became
cheerier. I remember saving up the $36 needed to buy my first bike so I could
graduate to an actual newspaper route. My Dad and I brought the money in a
one-quart milk carton and dumped it on the counter of the bicycle shop, where it
was counted out penny, by nickel, by dime, by quarter. I then owned a new
Schwinn bicycle and became a Redwood City Tribune door-to-door newspaper boy.
I had attended Sequoia Union High School; one of just three high schools in
our county at the time. That meant our annual Thanksgiving Day football Big Game
with Palo Alto High was such an important community event that even today it is
played in Stanford University’s football stadium, where it has attracted as many
as 20,000 rabid fans.
My neighborhood was full of immigrants, including a Polish farmer across the
street, Mr. Kolka, who raised pigeons, goats, and had a large fruit orchard on
several acres. Next door was the Penna family, Sicilian immigrants with four
boys who were my playmates. A recently arrived German family lived next to the
Pennas, and a Chinese family nearby had a grandmother with tiny, shrunken feet.
I knew this because I would see her exercise on their front lawn in the mornings.
My mother was also an immigrant; a British Citizen born in Jamaica before
coming to San Francisco. She was from a family of Sephardic Jews that left
Portugal during the Catholic Inquisition—first to Amsterdam, then London, until
they arrived in Jamaica sometime during the Eighteenth century and established
The Army and Navy Stores, Ship Chandlers, to provision ships that anchored in
Kingston Harbor.
We all have individual family histories that contribute to our sense of
identity, for better or worse. My father loved history because his mother
was a member of the DAR, the Daughters of the American Revolution. Her family
descended from minute men that fought in the Revolutionary War. So I grew up
with a love of history; which was why I wanted to participate in history-making
endeavors, such as the Peace Corps.
My education in community development was furthered when I became a member of
the United Farmworkers Union, and learned how Cesar Chavez organized the UFW.
Cesar’s early life shaped his vision of a community with greater justice and
freedom for all. His vision made him the consummate community organizer that could build the
UFW.
His family had lost their Arizona farm during the Great Depression and
moved to Southern California to find work, just as John Steinbeck’s Joad Family
did in the 1930’s
Grapes of Wrath. That work was crop-picking as a child,
so he came to intimately know the people he was to organize. His community was
the mostly Filipino and Mexican farm workers in the fields of California that
later included Arizona, Florida and Texas farm workers as his organizing efforts
spread.
I was drawn to Cesar and the UFW in part cause because I had joined the
Carpenter and Teamster unions while working my way through college. Unfortunately, this doesn’t describe the later Teamsters Union the
UFW clashed with during the 1970s period of United Farmworker strikes and
boycotts that gave the Teamsters in particular a bad name.
The strongest unions are democratic and run by their members; including the
AFL-CIO, United Mineworkers, and United Autoworkers unions that supported and
gave financial aid to the United Farmworkers Union when growers and the
Teamsters attempted to destroy it.
Cesar Chavez was successful because his was a vision of bottoms-up,
‘grass-roots’ organizing of the farmworkers, something he knew how to do because
he had grown up in their community, as I said. That means the impetus to
organize came from the farm workers themselves who saw the important of community
organizing and were willing to fight for the right to organize a union. His
lacked certain administrative skills to some extent which hurt the UFW later. He
was extremely charismatic and much better at motivating farmworkers than
creating a long term, farmworkers union.
He was therefore able to unite religious leaders with social activists into a
national movement for farmworker and immigrant rights. That is why he could
enlist Dorothy Day of the Catholic Workers Movement, Reverend Chris Hartmire of
the California Migrant Ministry, Walter Reuther, storied President of the United
Auto Workers Union, the AFL-CIO, and International Brotherhood of Electrical
Workers (IBEW), and the pro-labor Kennedy family to support the UFW’s cause.
Cesar said many times the IBEW was his ideal of a democratically-run, grass
roots labor union he wanted the UFW to emulate, because its members had a long
history of active participation in their union.
I use these two visions of communities because they are an example of what
successful community organizations or groups must contain—a compelling history
or vision that unites them, and an adequate diversity of people and opinions so
they can adapt to changing circumstances that can be difficult to control.
Without such diversity, no community has remained functional and open to what
will be unexpected changes, in my experience.
I graduated from Sequoia Union High School in 1958 and was accepted into the
University of California Berkeley’s Engineering School that fall. The Korean War
had ended in 1956. And there seemed to be no limit to future career
possibilities. Jobs were plentiful; there were lots of opportunities for work
and play on the San Francisco Peninsula.
California’s population was exploding in the 1950s; which was probably why
the New York Giants moved to San Francisco in 1958 and became the storied San
Francisco Giants, where I was able to watch Willie Mays and Willie McCovey play
in Seals Stadium, former home of the Pacific Coast League’s San Francisco Seals.
Redwood City grew faster after I left for Berkeley, and I hardly
recognize it today on return visits. It became a high tech center with some of
the first computer company startups, and the home of Oracle, just as Silicon
Valley was developing. Those memories of my neighborhood and Redwood City were
the elements I thought all successful, well-functioning communities should
contain.
Harlan Green © 2019
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